Operationalizing cross-cultural research design: Practical, cost-effective, and a minimalistic application of cross-cultural research design to minimize cultural bias in research and reconcile diverse viewpoints

We begin this paper by providing a brief overview of the history of science in different civilizations and
cultures around the world since ancient times, in order to show that different cultures and traditions
across geographies have contributed to human thought since time immemorial, and that “Eurocentrism”
in science the way we understand it, is a more recent phenomenon, traceable particularly to the
renaissance and the enlightenment which took place in those regions. Much has been talked about
globalization in the twenty-first century, and the emergence of Japan, Korea, China, India, and countries
in the Middle East as potential powers in the twenty-first century. It is imperative too, that science today
be endowed with a cosmopolitan character and outlook, and students of science around the world no
longer be fed on a diet of Eurocentric perspectives alone; this is additionally important because scientific
endeavour is the basis of the design of educational systems and pedagogical theory, and the nurturing
of future generations of researchers and scholars. This has been the raison d’etre, focus, and emphasis
of all our work over the past several years. Science should not only therefore not only become more and
more fieldwork driven, but also embrace a multitude of perspectives of denizens of major and minor
cultures across the world. Thus, ivory tower approaches should become a thing of the past, and science
should become increasingly culture-neutral and ideology-free. This is as such, our fourth paper on the
philosophy of science, and our earlier work focussed, among other things, on the importance of the
social duties of every researcher and scholar, the principle of exceptionism or the sociological ninety ten
rule, and the certainty uncertainty principle. This paper can also be therefore seen as the logical
culmination of all our earlier endeavours, and is an integral part of the “Globalization of science”
movement.